The use of Internet Protocol (IP)-based technologies is now a strategic element in the design, development and use of telecommunication networks. Consequently, there is a growing interest in the policy and regulatory issues related to the growth of IP-based networks, such as the Internet, and their convergence with other networks. The ITU project team worked diligently to provide a factual, unbiased account of how IP-based networks, including the Internet, work today, as well as some of the key policy issues associated with the proliferation of these networks and services.