The spectrum is a natural, non-renewable and scarce resource whose use therefore entails an opportunity cost. Although it is often thought that spectrum scarcity might be less critical in some countries of Latin America, in many instances telecommunication operators are asking for more efficient spectrum assignment processes that would afford them more bandwidth to accommodate growing traffic needs. Moreover, national regulatory authorities (NRAs) responsible for managing the spectrum have to strike a balance between licensing and the costs thereof with other key factors such as associated coverage obligations (to help reduce the digital divide) and spectrum caps (to safeguard competition by avoiding spectrum monopolies). These different perspectives underline the need to manage the radio-frequency spectrum, so as to maximize technical efficiency, economic gains and social impact.