The purpose of this handbook is to assist in the decision-making process involving planning, engineering and deployment of wireless access based land mobile systems, especially in developing countries. It should also provide adequate information that will assist in training engineers and planners in the regulation, planning, engineering and deployment aspects of these systems. The term "wireless access", as used in this handbook, refers to end-user radio connection(s) to core networks (Ref.: Rec. ITU-R F.1399), which include mobile applications such as in-building and out-of-building communication systems, cellular-based mobile systems and fixed wireless access. Core networks include, for example, PSTN, ISDN, PLMN, PSDN, Internet, WAN/LAN, CATV, etc.