Over the last decade, the subject of international interconnection has been largely dominated by issues related to the accounting rate system and the cost of international Internet connectivity. While these issues have been with us for some time, a greater sense of urgency to resolve them has been brought about by the accelerating transition from the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) to Next-Generation Networking (NGN). This transition is expected to lead to further declines in the amount of PSTN traffic that goes through the accounting rate system, in turn reducing the amounts of foreign exchange developing countries receive through settlement payments. At the same time, this transition is also expected to place a greater burden on developing countries in the form of costs related to international Internet connectivity. For a variety of reasons, developing countries have had to bear high costs for international connectivity to the Internet. Because more traffic is migrating to NGN, many countries seek solutions to these challenges so that the burden does not increase.